The greatest mathematician of the eighteenth century, Leonhard Euler was
born in Basel, Switzerland. There, he studied under another giant of
mathematics, Jean Bernoulli. In 1731 Euler became a professor of physics
and mathematics at St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Euler was the most
prolific mathematician of all time, publishing over 800 different books and
papers. His influence was felt in physics and astronomy as well.
He is perhaps best known for his research into mathematical analysis. Euler's
work, Introductio in analysin
infinitorum (1748), remained a standard textbook in the field for
well over a century. For the princess of Anhalt-Dessau he wrote
Lettres à une princesse d'Allemagne (1768-1772), giving a clear
non-technical outline of the main physical theories of the
time.
One can hardly write a mathematical equation without copying Euler.
Notations still in use today, such as e and π, were introduced
in Euler's writings. Leonhard Euler died in 1783, leaving behind
a legacy perhaps unmatched, and certainly unsurpassed, in the annals
of mathematics.